Selected Presentations
- July 2017: Douez v Facebook: Implications for Canadian Information Policy Guest presentation for LIS 9130 at the UWO Faculty of Information & Media Studies (July 19, 2017) <http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fimspres/48>(London, ON).
- July 2017: Internet of Things: Implications for Canadian Privacy Policy Guest presentation for LIS 9130 at the UWO Faculty of Information & Media Studies (July 12, 2017) (London, ON).
- June 2017: Statutory Basis for Public Library Services in Ontario: The Public Libraries Act. Guest presentation for LIS 9005 at the UWO Faculty of Information & Media Studies (June 12, 2017) <https://samtrosow.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/ontario-public-libraries-act-for-lis-9105-june-2017.pdf> (London, ON).
- March 2017: Presentation, Faculty Panel on Interdisciplinary Research. Interdisciplinary Graduate Research Day (FIMS, Music, Law), (March 3, 2017) at the UWO Faculty of Music (London, ON).
- November 2016: Invited Participant, Office of Privacy Commissioner of Canada, Stakeholder’s Meeting on Consent Consultation (Nov. 2, 2016) (Toronto, ON).
- September 2016: “Freedom of Expression, the Right to Communicate and Information Policy: A Holistic Approach” Presentation for IAPA Panel held at UWO Faculty of Information & Media Studies, Sept 20, 2016. (London, ON).
- July 2016: Canadian Broadcasting Policy. Guest Presentation for LIS 9130, Information Policy (July 13, 2016) at the UWO Faculty of Information & Media Studies (London, ON).
- November 2015: Invited participant to CIGI Roundtable on Trans-Pacific Partnership (Waterloo, ON).
- September 2015: Respondent for Rogers Chair Presentation on Bill C-51 by Prof. Craig Forcese (London, ON).
- September 2015: FIMS Public Interest Series at London Public Library, Presentation on 3D Printing and Copyright Law (London, ON).
- May 2015: Panelist on “Enforcing electronic communications regulation” for Rebooting Canada’s Communications Laws Conference; co-sponsored by University of Ottawa Centre on Governance and Forum for Research & Policy in Communications (Ottawa, ON).
- March 2015: Panel Presentation on IP Chapter of Trans-Pacific Partnership Redrawing the Digital Border: Intellectual Property in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Canada-US Law Institute Annual Conference “Our Digital Border” (Cleveland Ohio)
- March 2015: Panel Presentation on Implications of the Trans-Pacific Partnership on Access to Essential Medicines, sponsored by Western Chapter, Universities for Essential Medicines (London, ON)
- January 2015: Panel presentation on “The Library as Commons and a Point of Resistance” Ontario Library Association Superconference 2015. (Toronto, ON)
- January 2015: Panel presentation on Intellectual Property & 3D Printers & Makerspaces. Ontario Library Association Superconference 2015 (Toronto, ON)
- Oct 2014: One Unit (15 hour) course in School of Library & Information Science on Copyright for Librarians (Edmonton, AB)
- Oct 2014: Presentation for Open Access Week (sponsored by UA Libraries (Edmonton AB)
- Oct 2014: Keynote Lecture: “Commodification of Information and the Public Good: New Challenges for a Progressive Librarianship” for Edmonton Chapter Progressive Librarians Guild Annual Symposium (Edmonton AB)
- Oct 2014: Presentation at Law Faculty on Copyright Issues in Post-secondary Education (Edmonton AB)
- Oct 2014: Panel presentation on Intellectual Property & 3D Printers & Makerspaces. Annual Netspeed Conference, (Edmonton AB)
- June 2014: Copyright presentation at Beale High School for 12th Grade Arts & Media Class (London, ON)
- May 2014: Copyright Talk at Brock University for Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences (St. Catherines, ON).
- March 2014 Technology in Education Seminar at Western (TIES @Western 2.0) speaker on “Copyright Literacy Panel” (London, ON)
- February 2014, Copyright@Brescia Navitgating the New Copyright Landscape
- January 2014, FIMS Faculty Research Panel at Ontario Library Association Superconference (Toronto, ON).
- January 2014, Copyright@Huron: Navitgating the New Copyright Landscape (London, ON).
- January 2014, Cultural Studies Speakers Series, Queens University, “Collaboration: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly” (Kingston, ON)
- January 2014, Copyright: Is the Dust Settling? A Panel Discussion in Celebration of the Publication of Murray & Trosow, Canadian Copyright: A Citizen’s Guide, Second Edition” Queens University. (Kingston, ON)
- October 2013 “A Holistic Approach to Open Access, Campus Copyright, and Library Licensing” presentation at Panel,Open Access – Historical Highlights, Issues, and Polices . Sponsored by Graduate Resource Center, faculty of Information & Media Studies, UWO. (London, ON).
- October 2013 Panel presentation on User-Generated Content under Copyright Law Symposium sponsored by IP Osgoode , Osgoode Hall Law School (Toronto, ON.)October 2013, Panel presentation at the Copyright Pentalogy Book Launch, University of Ottawa. (Ottawa, ON)
- October 2013 Informal Panel Discussion with Book Launch participants hosted by Industry Canada (Ottawa, ON)
- August 2013, Western University Graduate Symposium on Music: The Ongoing Bond Between Music and Technology August 23-24, 2013 Seminar presentation: “Music Copyright and Technology: The New Canadian Landscape” (London, ON).
- June 2013. Closing Speaker, “Getting to Yes! Moving Beyond the Permissions Cultur”e. ABC Copyright Conference 2013 (Regina Sask).
- May 2013 Panelist on research ethics panel GRAND Annual Conference, (Toronto, ON.)
- April 2013 Copyright Policies and Health and Medical Sciences: Emerging issues in Librarianship, Teaching and Research. St. Joseph’s Health Center (London, ON)
- March 2013 Policy Issues Panel at Technology in Education Symposium (TIES) (London, ON)
- March 2013 Rural Broadband Webinar, “From Rural Divide to Rural Dividend: Broadband in Rural Canada.” sponsored by the Rural Development Institute, Brandon University (online).
- March 2013 SOGS Panel on Access Copyright Issues (London, ON)
- December 2012. “The New Telecommunications Sector Foreign Investment Regime and Rural Broadband” Conference presentation at Connecting the Future: Rural Broadband and Technology, Policy and Impact Conference sponsored by the Monieson Centre at Queens University.
- December 2012. “The New Telecommunications Sector Foreign Investment Regime and Rural Broadband” Conference presentation at Connecting the Future: Rural Broadband and Technology, Policy and Impact Conference sponsored by the Monieson Centre at Queens University.
- June 2012. Copyright Policies and Health and Medical Sciences: Emerging issues in Librarianship, Teaching and Research. Pre-conference Workshop for Canadian Health Librarians Association (Hamilton, ON).
- June 2012. Copyright Update: Analysis of AUCC-Access Copyright Model License. ABC Copyright Conference 2012 (Ottawa, ON).
- June 2012. Panel Presentation on Copyright Access: Fair dealing, education, and academic freedom, ABC Copyright Conference 2012 (Ottawa, ON).
- May 2012. Presentation on Technology Transfer and Innovation at Canadian Universities: Opportunities and Social Costs, SSHRC Workshop on Knowledge Synthesis Grants: “Leveraging public investments in higher education R&D” (Kitchener, ON).
- May 2012 Presentation on Copyright as a Barrier to Creativity: The Case of User-Generated Content at 2012 Intellectual Property Scholars Workshop (Ottawa, ON).
- March 2012. Copyright Policies: What Faculty Need to Know. Workshop for Continuing Professional Development, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, UWO. (London, ON).
- March 2012. Presentation on UWO-Access Copyright License for Society of Graduate Students (SOGS) at UWO. (London, ON).
- February 2012. Panelist Building Solidarity in Academic Libraries (Session #1215 at Ontario Library Association Superconference (Toronto, ON).
- February 2012. Presentation on History and Origin of the Progressive Librarians Guild for the PLG London Chapter (London, ON).
- November 2011. Presentation on Internet Filtering in Public Libraries at On the Edge: Sex and the Library panel sponsored by the London Chapter of the Progressive Librarians Guild (London, ON).
- November 2011. Panel Presentation on Current Trends in Library Education and Curriculum at Symposium Academic Librarianship: Crisis or Opportunity (Toronto, ON).
- November 2011. Canadian Copyright, DRM and eBooks: A Primer for Librarians Webinar presentation for Ontario Library Association-Education Institute (online event).
- June 2011. Copyright Policy as an Academic Workplace Issue. Presentation for the UNBC Faculty Association, (Prince George, B.C.).
- June 2011. Panelist, New Era of Copyright: Mapping Uncharted Territory, ABC Copyright Group 2011 Conference, Access Denied: Striving for Balance, University of Northern British Columbia (Prince George, B.C.).
- June 2011. IP and Education: Copyright, licensing and fair dealing in educational institutions. Presentation for Fifth Transatlantic IP Summer Academy (TIPSA), held at McGill University (Montreal, QC).
- June 2011. Canadian Copyright, DRM and eBooks: A Primer for Librarians. Digital Odyssey 2011 Ebook (R)Evolution. Ontario Library and Information Technology Association (OLITA) held at Ryerson University (Toronto, ON).
- June 2011. Introduction to Property, Copyright Law. Presentation for the Canadian Association of Law Libraries, New Law Librarians’ Institute, held at the University of Western Ontario (London, ON).
- May 2011, Copyright and Academia. Presentation for the University of New Brunswick Libraries and the Association of New Brunswick Teachers (Fredericton, N.B.).
- May 2011. Copyright and Academia. Presentation for the St. Mary’s University Faculty Association (SMUFA). (Halifax, N.S.).
- May 2011. The Public Library Board Trustee: Policymaker or Policytaker? Panel presentation with Bill Irwin, Canadian Library Association (Halifax, N.S.).
- May 2011. Updates and Action. Presentation on Current Copyright Developments for the Copyright Committee Panel, Canadian Library Association (Halifax, N.S.).
- May 2011. Presentation on the Digital Labour: Authors, Institutions and the New Media project, GRAND Annual Conference . (Vancouver, B.C.).
- May 2011. Canadian Copyright in a Changing Political Envorinment. British Columbia Library Association, Information Policy Committe. Annual Gathering of Librarians Interested in Government and Legal Information (Vancouver, B.C.).
- May 2011. Presentation on Mobilizing User Generated Content for Canada’s Digital Advantage, Canada 3.0 Conference–Research Stream Session, Panel on Growing the ICT Industry-Insights from Latest Canadian Research, sponsored by SSHRC (Stratford, ON).
- April 2011 Panel presentation on User-Generated Content. Entertainment and Media Law Symposium, sponsored by Law Society of Upper Canada, Continuing Professional Development (Toronto, ON).
- January 2011 Presentation on Bill C-32 and the Access Copyright Tariff. QUESSI Long Range Planning Meeting (Queens University Bookstore) (Kingston, ON).
- December 2010. Rights and Copyright: Bringing Copyright into the 21st Century. Panelist, “Bill C-32: Fair Dealing and Other Exemptions for Education”, Insight Conference (Toronto, ON).
- November 2010. Digital Interactive Gaming Conference (DIG 2010). Conference Speaker, “Mobilizing User-Generated Content” (London, ON).
- October 2010. Another Look at Bill C-32 and the Access Copyright Tariff: Still Double Trouble for Higher Education sponsored by the University of Western Ontario Libraries. <http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fimspres/10> (London, ON).
- July 2010. Bill C-32 and the Access Copyright Tariff: Double Trouble for Educators and Students sponsored by the University of Western Ontario Libraries <http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/fimspres/4> (London, ON).
- January 2010. “Towards an Holistic Approach to Information Policy” FIMS Winter Speaker Series at London Public Library. (London, ON)
- November 2009. The Copyright Debate: Finding the Right Balance for Teaching, Research and Cultural Expression sponsored by University of Western Ontario Libraries <http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/wlevents/1/ (London, ON).
- October 2009. Applying Privacy by Design Concepts to Copyright Policy sponsored by capCHI (Computer-Human Interaction in the Ottawa Area)(Ottawa, ON).
- October 2009. Opening Plenary Session, Hot Copy: Perspectives on Canadian Copyright. The Alberta Library Netspeed Conference (Calgary , Alberta)
- October 2009. Copyright: Retaining and Sharing Rights to Your Scholarship. Sponsored by University of Toronto Libraries, Open Access Week (Toronto, ON).
- October 2009. The copyright policy paradox: Overcoming competing agendas within the digital labour movement. Panel 6(b), Digital Labour: Workers, Authors Citizens Conference (full conference program)
- February 2009. A Holistic Approach to Information Policy Issues. Keynote Address for University of Alberta, School of Library and Information Studies Professional Development Day. (Edmonton, Alberta).
- October 2008. Keynote Conference Speaker, Jumpstarting the Public Sphere, Information Policy Issues for the 21st Century, sponsored by the British Columbia Library Association, Information Policy Committee. A Critical-Holistic Approach to Information Policy (Vancouver B.C.)
- October 2008. Presentation on Copyright and Fair-Dealing in Canadian Universities sponsored by the UBC Faculty Association (Vancouver B.C.)
- October 2008. Presentation on Copyright and Fair-Dealing in Canadian Universities sponsored by the UVic Faculty Association and the Royal Roads University Faculty Association (Victoria B.C.)
- June 2008. Copyright Law & Policy: Issues for Public Libraries and a First Look at Bill C-61. Presentation for Bulrington Public Library. (Burlington, ON).
Presentation on Bill C-61, sponsored by Tillsonburg Linux Users Group (tillug) [details] (Tillsonburg, ON).
- June 2008. Presentation on Copyright Law, Post-secondary Education, and Bill C-61. Canadian Roundtable on Academic Materials, sponsored by University of Alberta Bookstore (Toronto, ON).
- June 2008. Constraining the Flow of Knowledge in Post-Secondary Education: Copyright as Impediment to Teaching, Learning and Research , panelist on program Intellectual Property, Information & the Knowledge Economy, Conference on Education, Culture and the Knowledge Economy sponsored by Center for Innovation Law and Policy , University of Toronto Faculty of Law (Toronto, ON).
- June 2008. Internet Filtering in the Public Library: Charter Issues. Presentation for Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic (CIPPIC) (Ottawa, ON).
- June 2008. Rountable Participant: Emerging Law and Technology Theories II: The Road Ahead. Law and Society Association / Canadian Law and Society Association Joint Annual Meeting. (Montreal, Quebec)
- May 2008. Panelist on program Inside Talk: Freedom of Speech in the Library Workplace, sponsored by Advisory Committee on Intellectual Freedom, Canadian Library Association (Vancouver, BC).
- May 2008. An Analysis of the New Copyright Legislation…. or the Lack Thereof, sponsored by Copyrght Working Group, Canadian Library Association (Vancouver, BC).
- May 2008. Advocating Copyright: A Discussion Concerning Fair Dealings and Educational Exceptions(debate), Canadian Library Association, Preconference P2, Copyright 0.9, co-sponsored by CLA Information Commons Interest Group and the Resource Sharing Interest Group. (Vancouver, BC).
- May 2008. Presentation on Panel, The Educational Exemption and Fair Dealing: Where Should the Limits be Set? Conference on Copyright in Canada: Rights, Responsibilities, Reform, sponsored by Insight Information. (Toronto, ON)
- May 2008. Presentation on Copyright Law and Public Libraries (with Laura Murray) for Kingston-Frontenac Public Library (Kingston, ON).
- April 2008. Presentation on Copyright Law and Policy and its Implications for Research for the Canadian Consortium for Research (Ottawa, ON).
- April 2008. Copyright & Post-Secondary Education, Presentation at CopyCamp 2008 . (Toronto, ON).
- April 2008. Presentation on Copyright Law and Public Libraries for Vancouver Public Library (Vancouver BC).
- April 2008. Presentation on Copyright Issues in Post-secondary Education.co-sponsored by the Faculty Association of Simon Fraser University and the University of British Columbia Faculty Association (Vancouver, BC)[overheads]
- March 2008, Book Talk: Canadian Copyright: A Citizen’s Guide. Collected Works Bookstore (Ottawa, ON).
- February 2008. Presentation on Copyright Law and Post-Secondary Education. for the Canadian Federation of Students, National Graduate Caucus (Toronto, ON).
- January 2008. Introduction to Copyright Law and Prospects for New Legislation. Presentations for Concordia University Libraries (Montreal, Quebec). [overheads]
- January 2008. Introduction to Copyright Law and Prospects for New Legislation. Presentation for London Public Library (poster)(London, ON).
- November 2007. Presentation on Copyright Law and Policy. Conference on Campus Bookstore, sponsored by University of Alberta Bookstore. (Toronto, ON).
- October 2007. Panelist, Roundtable on Current Issues in Copyright. 2nd biennial Conference of the Canadian Initiative in Law, Culture and the Humanities, Carleton University (Ottawa, ON).
- October 2007. Authors and Authenticity Panel, The Role of Incentives in a Critical Theory of Intellectual Property Policy. 2nd biennial Conference of the Canadian Initiative in Law, Culture and the Humanities, Carleton University (Ottawa, ON).
- September 2007. Internet Filtering in the Public Library: Censorship or Customer Service? FIMS Brown-Bag Lunch Series, University of Western Ontario (London, ON).[overheads]
- May 2007. Canadian Library Association. Panelist (A5) Copyright Changes Coming? (St. John’s, NL).
- April 2007. Digital Copyright in a User-Generated World. Panelist on Canadian Perspectives. University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Law (London, ON).
- January 2007. Panelist on Commercialization of Higher Education Panel Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations Conference “Restructuring the Academy: Current Realities and Preferred Direction” (Toronto, Ontario).
- October 2006. Seventh Colloquium on the Legal Profession. Polemics and Professionalism. Panelist on Crossfire Panel on Professionalism and Commercialism. (Toronto, Ontario).
- October 2006. Panelist, Intellectual Property Ownership on Campus “Intellectual Property Ownership and the Commercialization of University Research. Canadian Association of University Teachers Conference on Controlling Intellectual Property: The Academic Community and the Future of Knowledge (Ottawa, Ontario).
- June 2006. Canadian Library Association. Panel speaker, “Laying Librarianship on the Line: Can Libraries be Neutral in the 21st Century? (Calgary, Alberta).
- April 2006. Panelist on Canadian Intellectual Property Panel. Fordham Conference on Intellectual Property (New York, N.Y.)
- March 2006. Information Flows and the Transfer of Knowledge: A Conceptual Approach for Policy Makers, McGill University, 2006 Meredith Lectures. (Montreal, Quebec)
- December 2005. Presentation on Copyright Policy and Academic Libraries (for the librarians at the University of Toronto) (Toronto, Ontario)
- September 2005. Comparative IP and CyberLaw Conference. Copyright and Education Panelist, “Fair-Dealing and Education” (Ottawa, Ontario).
- July 2005. American Association of Law Libraries, panel speaker, “Copyrights, Copywrongs and the Gray Areas In-between.” (San Antonio, Texas)
- June 2005. Canadian Library Association. panel speaker, “Laying Librarianship on the Line: Can Libraries be Neutral in the 21st Century? (Calgary, Alberta).
- June 2005. Canadian Library Association, panel speaker, “International Trade Issues Update.” (Calgary, Alberta).
- June 2005. Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, and Canadian Association of Learned Journals, panel speaker. “Copyright: Balancing the Act.”(London, Ontario).
- April 2005. University of Western Ontario, Society of Graduate Students, speaker. “Introduction to Copyright Policy.” (London, Ontario).
- March 2005. Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, Executive Board. Presentation on Copyright Policy. (Ottawa, Ontario).
- January 2005. McGill University, Faculty of Law. Léger Robic Richard Seminar Series in Intellectual Property, “The Illusive Search for Justificatory Theories: Copyright, Commodification and Capital,” (Montreal, Quebec).
- (Nov 2004) Long Island Library & Research Council – 13th Annual Conference on Libraries and the Future. “Challenges to Fair Use in the Digital Environment” (Oakdale, NY).
- (June 2004) Canadian Law Forum/ Canadian Law & Society Association. “The Ownership and Commodification of Legal Knowledge” (Winnipeg, Manitoba).
- (June 2004) Canadian Library Association. Advanced Licensing Workshop (Victoria, B.C.)
- January 2004. Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) – Eugene Garfield Dissertation Award, Presentation. “Information for Society: Towards a Critical Theory of Intellectual Property Policy.” (San Diego, California).
- November 2003. McGill University, Canadian Library Association Student Chapter. Presentation, “WTO-GATS and the FTAA: Double Trouble for Libraries and Public Information Services.” (Montreal, Quebec).
- November 2003. Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences. Workshop Presentation, “The Changing Landscape of Copyright Policy: New Challenges for Educators.” (Ottawa, Ontario).
- November 2003. Charleston Library Conference. Workshop Presentation, “An Information-Flow Model for a Holistic Information Policy: Relationships between Copyright, Privacy and Censorship.” (Charleston, S.C.)
- November 2003. Charleston Library Conference. Breakfast Presentation, “Copyright and Scholarly Publications: Emerging Issues.” (Charleston, S.C.)
- October 2003. CASCON 2003. Legal Issues Panelist, “Free Trade: Implications for Digital Copyright Issues ” (Toronto, Ontario).
- September 2003. Canadian Law & Economics Association. “Beyond Justification: The Political Economy of Copyright in an Age of Commodification.” (Toronto, Ontario)
- July 2003. American Association of Law Libraries. AALL-Lexis Call for Papers Award Presentation. “Databases and the Fields of Law: Are There New Divisions of Labor?” (Seattle, Washington).
- June 2003. Canadian-American Research Centre for Law and Policy, University of Windsor, Facuty of Law. NAFTA at Ten: Harmonization and Legal Transformation. Intellectual Property Panelist.“Fast-Track Trade Authority and the Free Trade Agreements: Implications for Copyright Law.” (Windsor, Ontario).
- June 2003. Canadian Library Association / American Library Association. Panelist: War, Trade and Activism: A Case for International Responsibilities in Librarianship. (Toronto, ON).
- June 2003. Canadian Association of Law Teachers. (2003 Annual Conference) Intellectual Property Panel “TRIPS, WIPO and the Draft FTAA: Is Three a Crowd?” (Halifax, NS)
- May 2003. Canadian Association for Information Science.(31st Annual Conference) “GATS and Public Library Services” with Kirsti Nilsen (Halifax, NS). [Abstract]
- February 2003. University of Toronto, Information Rights Salon. “Digital Millennium Copyright Act: Does Canada Really Need It?”(Toronto, Ontario). [Abstract]
- January 2003. Ontario Library Association. Working at the Knowledge Front Panelist, “The Impact of International Trade Agreements on Public Library Services.”
- October 2002. CASCON 2002. Legal Issues Panelist, “The Anti-Circumvention Rules: Are They Really Necessary?” (Toronto, Ontario).
- June 2002. Canadian Library Association. “Copyright, Cultural Policy and the WTO-TRIPS Agreement: The Issues for Libraries.” (Halifax, Nova Scotia).
- June 2002. Canadian Association of Law Teachers.(2002 Annual Conference) Panelist: E-Commerce and Issues in Intellectual Property. (Toronto, Ontario)
- May 2002. Canadian Association for Information Science. (30th Annual Conference) “Toward a Critical Theory of Copyright Policy.” (Toronto, Ontario).
- March 2002. Workshop on Technology, Legal Information, and Legal Knowledge. University at Buffalo Law School. Panel on Technology and the Profession of Law. “Databases and the Fields of Law: Are There New Divisions of Labor?” (Buffalo, New York). [Abstract]
- November 2001. Canadian Digital Libraries Symposium, Digital Library Policy and Issues panel “Anti-Circumvention Rules and Their Impact on Digital Libraries.” (Toronto, Ontario)
- November 2001. CASCON 2001. Legal Issues Panelist, “The Anti-Circumvention Rules:A Fetter on Technological Advance?” (Toronto, Ontario)
- July 2001. American Association of Law Libraries. Annual Meeting Conference Panelist, “New Realities in Data Protection: The Trans-Atlantic Debate.” (Minneapolis, Minnesota).
- July 2000. American Association of Law Libraries. Annual Meeting, Government Relations Committee Advocacy Workshop Panelist. “Pending Database Legislation.” (Philadelphia Pa.). [Statutory Protection for Databases and Compilations: A Resource List]
- March 2000. Northern California Association of Law Libraries. Spring Institute Program Panelist. “Government Relations and the Impact on Law Librarians” (San Francisco, California).